However, CPL/ATPL are authorized to exercise the privileges of the license in an activity that would be authorized by a PPL if the holder holds current class 2 medical certificate

CPL/ATPL are authorized to exercise the privileges of the license in an activity that would be authorized by a RPL if hold current recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificate and meet relevant requirement.

Must not exercise the privileges during temporary medical unfitness that affects safety.

Carriage of documents, weather etc.

Carriage of documents General

Crew Member: 61.420

License

Medical

Photo ID or passport

Aircraft:

AFM

Computerized Navigation Equipment – Operating Instructions

MEL

For certain flights not: Day VFR WI 50 nm; TA of route to TA

Authorized Aeronautical Information

MR or flight technical log ACFT

Forecasts for flight planning 91 MOS 7.02

Before commencing flight, must study:

Authorized weather forecasts(30min – ETA – 60min) and reports for:

The route, departure/destiantion/ALTN

Other reasonable available weather information relevant to intended operation

Unable to obtain authorized weather forecasts 91 MOS 7.03

May commence a flight if:

Forecasts and reports not available &

Consider safe to return and land at DEP AD WI 1h

Must return to DEP AD if:

not obtained WI 30 min after DEP &

no ALTN AD

Limitation on exercise license privileges - Carriage of documents 61.420

1. License

2. Medical(dependent on your license): Class 1 or class 2 Medical certificate, recreational aviation medical practitioner’s certificate, Medical exemption

3. Photo id:

full face, head, shoulder

within 10 years, by government

valid

Only for PPL License

Privileges of private pilot licenses

As PIC or co-pilot of

Private operation

Receiving flight training

Limitation of PPL on multi-crew

Multi-crew operations requirement:

Only if completed an approved course of training in multi-crew operations

Requirements for grant of private pilot licenses – general

At least 17

PPL and aircraft category rating

Passed aeronautical knowledge exam

Complete flight training

Passed flight test

Met aeronautical experience requirements (at least 35 h; with one trip 150 nm 2 AD full stop)

Only for CPL License

Commercial pilot licenses

Privileges of CPL 61.570

As PIC of any ACFT in any Ops other than:

In Air Transport:

Multi-crew

If less than 750h, single pilot ops MTOW>5700kg

Copilot of any ACFT in any Ops

Limitation of CPL on multi-crew ops 61.575

Multi-crew operations requirement:

Only if completed an approved course of training in multi-crew operations

Requirements for grant of CPL – general 61.580

At least 18

CPL and Category Rating:

Passed aeronautical knowledge exam

Complete flight training

Passed flight test

Met aeronautical experience requirements

140	70	20	10	5
Total	PIC	Cross-country	Instrument	Instrument in Aeroplane

Include a trip 300nm 2 Full Stop AD out of TA

if hold ATPL, meet that category

Ratings and endorsements

Aircraft ratings and endorsements for pilot licenses

Aircraft category rating 61.730

Must be a holder of license

If application is at the same time of applying license, met

Aircraft class rating 61.735

Privileges:

Is authorized other than:

Certified for multi-crew

Single-pilot type rating required

Flight review 61.745

Authorized only if with valid flight review

Expire At the end of the 24^th month after the month flight review was completed

If due to expire within 3 months, …., at the end of the 24^th month after the validity of the previous flight review.

Requirement for grant of aircraft class ratings 61.750

Must hold pilot license

Category rating which that class belong

Completed flight training for the rating

Passed flight test Part 61 MOS for the rating

(However: MEA class rating requires a PPL, CPL, Multi-pilot license or ATPL)

Design feature endorsements 61.755

Following features require endorsement:

Tailwheel, retractable undercarriage, Floatplane/float hull, Ski landing gear

Manual propeller pitch control(piston)

Gas turbine

ME center-line trust

Pressurization system

Other ratings：

Pilot type ratings

Cruise relief type ratings

Instrument Ratings

Private Instrument Ratings

Night VFR ratings

Night Vision imaging system ratings

Low-level ratings

Aerial application ratings

Flight activity endorsements

Pilot instructor ratings

Flight examiner ratings

ACFTS & OPS

Equipment

Flight Instrument

VFR flight by day

IAS

Pressure ALT

Time(accurate hh.mm.ss)

Mach number - only for limitations expressed in Mach number

Turn & Slip – only for AWK

OAT – only for AWK, FM AD that ambient air temp not avail.

VFR by night

IAS

Pressure ALT

Time

Turn & Slip

OAT

Attitude

VSI

Stabilized heading (DI)

Showing supply of power to gyroscopic instr.

Aid: Approved GNSS or ADF or VOR

Emergency Equipment

ELT requirements

Transmit in both frequency 406 MHz, 121.5 MHz

Registered in AMSA

ELT carriage

More than 50 nm from DEP AD

If installed in ACFT: must be armed before flight

If survival(portable) ELT: must carried in a readily accessible place

Exceptions:

Within 50 nm

Single-seat ACFT

For the purpose of:

ACFT Manufacture

Delivery, transfer ACFT after purchase

From outside AU to where required

ACFT able to continuously communicate to appropriate person on ground

For the purpose of fitting the ELT, provided:

Entry been made on ACFT logbook

Placard for ELT not installed to pilot

Not more than 90 days since removed

Special flights – over water, remote

Flights Over Water

OW flight Notification

VFR flights, either Air transport or flight OW greater than glide range:

Submit flight plan

Nominate SARTIME

Leave a flight note

Life jackest

Carriage requirements

For:

Seaplane or amphibian

Single-engine not seaplane or amphibian OW beyond glide range

MEA not seaplane or amphibian more than 50nm from suitable land

Exception:

T/O, Landing, Climbing, descending for AD

Must carry:

A life jacket for each person and infant that have a whistle

Wearing requirements

Wear if:

Single-engine: OW beyond glide range, not higher than 2000 ABV water

Exception:

T/O, Landing, Climbing, descending for AD

Life rafts

Must carry if OW more than:

30 min of till air cruise, or

100 nm

Signalling equipment

Single-engine OW:

Must always carry survival ELT if fly OW beyond glide distance

Exception:

Single-seat

With continuously communicate to appropriate person on GND

Delivery, transfer ACFT after purchase

Positioning from outside AU to where AMSA ELT is required

More than 1 life raft required:

Automatic ELT and survival ELT, or

2 survival ELT

Survival Equipment

Where life raft required

Remote areas

Human & Cargo

Seating and carriage of persons, cargo, animals and firearms

People

Crew: 1 on pilot seat, seat belt fastened

Must not assign no seatbelt seat, unless MOS

Infants: not turned 2

In arms or lap of an adult

Adult seatbelt not fastened around infant

Restrained using supplemental loop belt, infant seat belt

Children: turned 2 not turned 13

Max 2 children sit side by side

Combined weight does not exceed 77 kg

Seatbelt restrains both children in seat

Safety when aeroplane operating on ground

The person who starts or causes the engine to be started must be:

Authorized to pilot the aeroplane under Part 61 or taxi the aeroplane under Part 64

Contravenes if allow another person onboard while pilot seat is not occupied by a person who is competent to apply brakes and control the engine.

Safety Directions by PIC

When:

Before taxing, takeoff, landing

It’s necessary for safety

Direct passenger to:

Fasten seatbelt or shoulder harness

Seat back upright

Attachments stowed

If person suffer health condition, PIC agrees not to fasten:

Safely restrained and will not affect other passengers’ safety

Passenger safety briefing and instructions

Smoking rule, prohibited place

Electronic devices limitation

Seatbelt must be worn, how to use them

Seat backs upright

Seat attachments stowed

Brace position

EMERG exits, passenger next to it able to operate, not obstruct

Oxygen

Survival equipment

Over water equipment

Pilot seat, not manipulate or interfere with control

How, where to stow and secure baggage

Jump ACFT – where people must occupy to keep balance

Carriage of Cargo

Must not allow cargo:

Damage, obstruct control, equipment essential to safety

Exceed load limitations

Obstruct aisle

Obstruct emergency exits

Unoccupied seats

Must not weighs more than 77 kg unless manufacturer allows greater weight

Must not interfere safety operation

Loading instructions

Only allow cargo to be carried where a placard with instructions for the carriage of cargo is in place

Carriage of animals

With the permission of the pilot

Ensure carrying the animal will not adversely affect safety

Firearms

May only carry or possess a firearm if pilot or operator has given consent

No person may discharge, unless permitted by regulation

Alcohol

Effects:

Affect central nervous system, slowing down ability to respond.

Proportional to BAC

CASR 91.520: Must not commence duty if they have consumed alcohol within 8 hours of the flight beginning.

Permitted level: less than 0.02 grams of alcohol in 210 litres of breath.

Check:

Do not consume alcohol 8 hour before sign-on

Do not fly while under the influence of alcohol

Do not fly if you have taken illicit drugs

Do not fly while using any drug that may adversely affect safety

If in doubt, ask DAME

Consider wait 24 h from the last use of alcohol

CAO 48.1 Appendix 1 Fatigue Management

Fuelling

Contaminated, degraded, inappropriate fuels

Ensure non of above(fuel drain, add Jet A1)

AIAC: 1^st flight of day, after refuelling

Fire hazards

No fire hazard within 15 m of the aircraft or equipment used

Firefighting equipment

At least 2 fire extinguishers, not less than 6 m, no more than 15 m from fuelling point

Each capable of electrical and fuel fire(dry chemical)

Electrical bonding

Ensure aircraft and equipment used are electrically bonded

Equipment or electronic devices operating near aircraft

Operating of equipment or electronic device near aircraft during fuelling

Must not operate equipment or electronic device within 15 m of fuelling point

Fuelling aircraft while equipment or electronic device is operated near aircraft

Must not fuel an aircraft when equipment or an electronic device is being operated within 15 m of fuelling point

Fuelling aircraft – persons on aircraft, boarding or dsembarking

Highly volatile fuel

must not

other than highly volatile fuel

pilot or operator must hold approval to do so when a person other than crew is onboard, boarding or disembarking

AC 91-25 11.2.5 About fuel drum

When opening a drum (fuel drum)

• Stand the drum upright but tilted slightly, and chock it with the high side positioned at 12 o’clock, the bung at 3 o’clock, and the vent at 9 o’clock. This minimises water or dirty fuel on the outside of the drum from reaching the openings.

• Allow the drum to stand undisturbed for at least 10 minutes prior to fuelling to let any internal contaminants settle out.

• Proper bonding is critical. Connect the bonding lead to an unpainted surface on the drum and to the aircraft designated bonding point before opening any fuel caps, and leave it in place until all fuel caps have been replaced.

• Open the pumping bung and vent then perform a visual inspection of the condition of the drum using a fuel safe light source. Fuel in drums showing signs of internal deterioration should not be used. Next, carefully withdraw and check a fuel sample from the drums low point using a thief tube or specially designed suction device.

• Ensure that the pump standpipe cannot reach the lowest point in the drum - any small amount of water or dirt will thus remain in the drum. The last few litres of fuel should not be needed badly enough to risk using it.

Pilot maintenance

Maintenance permitted to carry out

Daily inspections

Ensure: airworthy, equipment serviceable for operation

Keys:

Before the first flight or each day

Must be signed in Part 3 MR

By Licensed aircraft maintenance engineer LAME

or pilot holds min RPL, as PIC

Perform maintenance for:

a Class B aircraft under 1988 42ZC

in accordance with CAR schedule 5 & 8

Oil requirements

Enough to complete flight safely.

e.g. DA40 min 5, max7. Depend on operator, e.g. AIAC: CCT, TA 5.5, NAV 6

Flight Rules

Aerodromes signals

(from VFRG)

T/O and LNG

They may ask you the required distance between you and the preceding aircraft.

e.g. You are in a DA40. If another DA40 takes off at YPMQ prior to you, when can you take off following that aircraft? (the distance required between you and your prior aircraft on takeoff)

Please refer to the 91 MOS

And it’s also good to have an impression of the followings (from VFRG)

VFR rules

VMC

All ABV 10,000 AMSL	8km	1000ft V. 1500m H.
All BLW 10,000 AMSL	5km	1000ft V. 1500m H.
D	5km	500ft BLW CLD 1000ft ABV CLD 600m H.
G BLW 3000AMSL 1000AGL	5km	CLR of CLD In sight of GND or Water

Special VFR

Special VFR clearance in CTR, or CTA next to CTR

For entering of leaving CTR

Provided IFR not be delayed

Must ensure:

Clear of cloud

1600m VIS

Alternate minima

1500’ more than SCT, less than 8 km VIS, Exceeding Max XW.

VFR Nav

About AOC(Only for CPL)

They would assess you on the following knowledge:

1. the CASR laws about AOC requirement

2. Your company (AOC) AOC’s exposition (normally in the library, e.g. smart library). In the following, e.g., the AOC is AIAC.

Requirements for an AOC ( CASR 119.D-J )

Pilot to conduct air transport: must hold air operator’s certificate AOC

If you conduct or propose to conduct an air transport operation in Australia for fixed wing or rotary wing aircraft, you must hold an air transport air operator’s certificate (AOC). We grant these certificates under Part 119 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR) – Australian air transport operators.

Classification of operations

Private Operation

These are typically flights where the aircraft is not being used for hire or reward, such as personal or recreational flights.

Commercial Operation

These are operations conducted for hire or reward and include:

Charter:

This involves hiring an aircraft and crew for a specific flight, like a fly-in/fly-out service or a scenic flight.

Aerial Work:

These are operations that involve using an aircraft for a specific task, like aerial photography, agricultural work, or survey flights.

Air Transport:

This encompasses a broader range of operations for hire or reward, including charter and RPT (Regular Public Transport) operations, as well as the transport of medical supplies or personnel.

Type of information contained in an operations manual

(You need to know what information is included in the operation manual)

Operator’s name

Address

Organizational structure, corporate structure

Key personnel and reporting lines, CEO responsible matters

Air transport operation conducted

Detail of each program, procedure, system

Content of exposition CASR 119.205

(You need to know what kind of contents are included in the exposition)

(1) An exposition for an Australian air transport operator must include the following:

(a) the operator’s name (including any operating or trading name), contact details and ABN (if any);

(b) the address of:

(i) the operator’s operational headquarters; and

(ii) each of the operator’s main operating bases; and

(iii) each of the operator’s operational facilities;

(c) a description and diagram of the operator’s organisational structure showing formal reporting lines, including the formal reporting lines for each of the key personnel;

(d) if the operator is a corporation—a description of the operator’s corporate structure;

(e) for each of the key personnel, the following information:

(i) the qualifications and experience (if any) required by the operator for the position in addition to the qualifications and experience required under Subpart 119.D for the position;

(ii) each matter (if any) for which the holder of the position is responsible in addition to the responsibilities mentioned in Subpart 119.D for the position;

(iii) the name of the person appointed to the position;

(iv) the name of each person authorised to carry out the responsibilities of the position when the position holder is absent from the position or cannot carry out the responsibilities;

(v) a description of how the operator will manage the responsibilities of the position during a circumstance mentioned in subparagraph (iv);

(f) each matter (if any) for which the chief executive officer is responsible and accountable in addition to the matters mentioned in regulation 119.130;

(g) an outline of the Australian air transport operations conducted by the operator under the operator’s Australian air transport AOC, including the areas of operation and routes;

(h) details of each plan, process, procedure, program and system implemented by the operator to safely conduct and manage their Australian air transport operations in compliance with the civil aviation legislation;

(i) for each registered aeroplane or rotorcraft operated by the operator under the AOC—its type and model and registration mark;

(j) for each foreign registered aircraft operated by the operator under the AOC—its type and model, nationality and registration mark;

(k) a description of the arrangements for managing the continuing airworthiness of the operator’s aeroplanes or rotorcraft;

(l) a description of any leasing or other arrangements for the supply of the aeroplanes or rotorcraft as the arrangements relate to the operational control or continuing airworthiness of the aeroplanes or rotorcraft, or to any other safety matter;

(m) a description of the operator’s process for making changes, including:

(i) identifying changes that are significant changes; and

(ii) identifying changes that are not significant changes; and

(iii) telling CASA and the operator’s personnel of the changes;

(n) a description of anything else required to be approved by CASA under these Regulations in relation to the operations mentioned in paragraph (g);

(o) any other matter required to be included in the exposition under these Regulations.

e.g. AIAC Exposition

Exposition: (You need to know what are they)

VOLUME 1 PRINCIPAL DOCUMENT

VOLUME 2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

VOLUME 3 INTERNAL TRAINING & CHECKING MANUAL

VOLUME 4 TRAINING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MANUAL

VOLUME 5 SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MANUAL

VOLUME 6 DANGEROUS GOODS MANUAL

VOLUME 7 FATIGUE MANAGEMENT MANUAL

VOLUME 8 SQMS – MECHTRONIX DA40/42

AIAC key personnel: (You need to know who are they)

CEO: Tao Liu

HOO: Gerard Byrne

Safety Manager (SM) : Gregory Parnell

……

Other CPL theory Knowledge

There is a special focus on hazards.

From CMET

You may need to check the meteorological hazards part:

https://aviationnote.com/CMET.html

When Mountain Waves forms：

Wind direction perpendicular to the hill, speed at 25kt or more. With lenticular and rotor clouds on the leeside

Airframe Icing

Temperature factor:

Clear ice: 0 ~ -15°C； Rime ice:：-10~-30°C

Determining factor for types of icing is supercooled water droplet size

Cb, Ns: larger droplets -> clear ice

Ac, As, upper section of Cb: smaller droplets -> rime ice

Thunderstorms

e.g. how far should you stay away from TS? 20 miles

From CPLA

Wake Turbulence area

1 wingspan high

2 wingspans wide

They can sink to 1000ft low, at 500fpm, widens at 3-4kts

……