CPL Air Law (CLWA) Yohann Aviation Note

How to Use (Open-Book) Exam Tactics

• Start with Quick Locator Index. When a question mentions a keyword, jump to the matching section and clause.
• Answer in three steps: (1) locate the clause; (2) paraphrase the rule; (3) plug in the numbers/limits to the scenario.
• If conflicts appear: Part 135 operator requirements override general Part 91 rules; numeric limits are in MOS; procedures and local details are in AIP/ERSA.
• Keep buffers and definitions in mind (e.g. ETA +/- 30 min; beyond glide distance over water).

Quick Locator Index Open this first

Use this as your first stop during the exam.

1. Overview and Documentation Where things live

• Hierarchy: Act -> Regulations (CASR/CAR) -> MOS/CAO -> Instruments. AIP/ERSA are authorised aeronautical information.
• Core parts you will use: CASR Part 61 (licensing), CASR Part 91 (general operating and flight rules), CASR Part 135 (small air transport).

2. Licensing (CASR Part 61) Privileges and Recency

2.1 Logbooks, Retention and Production

• 61.345: record promptly (date, aircraft reg and type, TO/LDG, flight time including day/night and instrument).
• 61.355: keep for 7 years; 61.365: CASA may require production within 7 days (electronic needs printout or certification).

2.2 Privileges, Recency and Medical

• Hold the right category/class ratings and general competency (61.375 / 61.385).
• Passenger carrying in last 90 days: 3 TO/LDG (night must be at night) or a relevant check (61.395).
• Medical classes: as applicable for RPL/PPL/CPL etc.

2.3 Ratings and Endorsements

Know the structure: licence vs ratings vs endorsements (instrument, class/type, retractable gear, etc.).

3. Flight Rules and Conditions Part 91 plus MOS

3.1 Carriage of Documents

• 91.105 and 91.110 plus 135.065 and 135.070: carry licences, AFM/POH, authorisations, ops documents as required.

3.2 PRD and Special Use Airspace

AIP ENR 5.1: entry logic for Prohibited/Restricted (RA1/RA2/RA3) and Danger areas.

3.3 Rules of the Air and Right of Way

• 91.325: primary obligation is see-and-avoid; 91.330 series: right-of-way hierarchy and approach priority.

3.4 VMC Minima and Minimum Heights

Know VMC by airspace/altitude band; minimum heights over populous vs other areas per Part 91 and MOS.

3.5 Alcohol, Drugs, Smoking and Light Signals

CASR 91.055/91.065/91.070; ground light signals per AIP/CASR.

3.6 Class C/D and SVFR

Clearances, readbacks, separation in CTR, and SVFR requirements.

4. Air Service Operations Planning

4.1 Weather Briefing and Forecast Availability

• 91 MOS 7.02: review within 1 hour of take-off; validity around ETA minus 30 / plus 60 minutes.
• 91 MOS 7.03: if no forecast, you may depart if you can return within 1 hour; obtain destination forecast within 30 minutes after departure or have an alternate.

4.2 Destination Alternate (Day VFR)

• 91 MOS 8.02: cloud, visibility, wind limits, and thunderstorm probabilities may require an alternate.
• 91 MOS 8.04: if distance is more than 50 nm and there is no destination forecast, you need an alternate; apply plus 30 minutes buffer. TAF3 first 3 hours: PROB30 for visibility and TS does not trigger the plus 30 buffer.

4.3 Flight Notification

91 MOS 9.02: IFR and VFR in Class C/D require notification; otherwise, use a plan/SARTIME/flight note as appropriate.

4.4 Over-water Equipment

• Lifejackets: when beyond glide distance and at or below 2000 ft AGL, they must be worn (properly secured).
• Life rafts: threshold is the shorter of 30 minutes still-air cruise or 100 nm.

4.5 Cargo / Pax / Special Loads

Stowage and restraint, infants, dangerous goods, and assistance animals per Parts 91/92/135.

4.6 PIC Responsibilities Pre/In-Flight

Fuel, briefings, control, seat belts, de-icing, and checklist use.

5. Aerodromes, Airspace and Altimetry ERSA/AIP

5.1 Aerodrome Types and Radio

CERT / UNCR / MIL / JOINT. UNCR often have no NOTAM; contact aerodrome operator as needed. Radio carriage per 91.400 and ERSA.

5.2 Ground Signals and Cones

91 MOS 2.05: ground signal table; cone and marking colors (runway white, taxiway yellow, white-red stripes mean unserviceable).

5.3 Circuits, Joins and Broadcasts

ENR 1.1 (section 9): recommended circuit heights, join methods, CTAF phraseology and use.

5.4 Altimetry and Transition

QNH/QFE/Standard; transition altitude/level; VFR altimeter tolerance and ISA reference.

6. Reporting and Airworthiness ENR 1.14 / CASR

6.1 ATSB Reporting (ENR 1.14)

IRM: phone as soon as possible plus written within 72 hours. RRM: written within 72 hours. Know A to D categories.

6.2 Emergencies and Hazards

91.680: report emergencies to ATS (including DG). 91.675: report hazards if not already published (runway condition, bushfire, volcano, lasers).

6.3 ADIZ and Interception

• ADIZ: file at least 60 minutes before. Deviation thresholds: +/- 5 minutes, +/- 10 nm over land, +/- 20 nm over water. Report immediately if exceeded.
• Interception: see ENR 1.12. Monitor 121.5, inform ATS, squawk 7700 if required.

6.4 Airworthiness and PIC Duties

Airworthiness/registration, daily inspection, defect recording, maintenance you may perform, maintenance release categories and endorsements, and minimum equipment for VFR (note: Part 135 may be stricter).

7. Fatigue Management (CAO 48.1) Appendix 1/4/5

7.1 Shared Responsibility

91.520: crew must be fit for duty; operators must not roster unfit crew; AOC/FCM must comply with applicable appendices.

7.2 Appendix 1 Highlights

• Off-base: in the 10 hours prior, provide an 8-hour sleep opportunity. On-base: in the 12 hours prior, provide an 8-hour sleep opportunity.
• Earliest FDP start: local dawn or 0700 LT (whichever is earlier). Latest finish: 0100 next day, then apply table limits and cumulative caps.

7.3 Appendix 4/5 Highlights

Know split duty, standby and call-out, WOCL protection, and compliance records.

8. Quick Drills and Common Traps 1-minute checks

• TAF3 rule: in the first 3 hours of a TAF3, PROB30 for visibility and TS does not trigger the plus 30 minutes buffer; outside that window, apply normal buffers.
• Rafts threshold: shorter of 30 minutes or 100 nm.
• Lifejacket wear: at or below 2000 ft AGL and beyond glide distance, they must be worn.
• UNCR NOTAM: often not issued; contact the aerodrome operator.
• ADIZ deviations: +/- 5 min, +/- 10 nm over land, +/- 20 nm over water; report if exceeded.

Annex A - Clause Quick Finder By keyword

Copy-paste friendly; ASCII only to avoid encoding issues.